Thursday, November 29, 2007

Chapter 22 quiz

I. Organs of the Male Reproductive System

A. The functions of the organs of the male reproductive system are__________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

B. The primary organs of the male reproductive system are_________________ in which

________________________________________________________________________

C. The accessory organs of the male reproductive system are_______________________

________________________________________________________________________

II. Testes

A. Introduction

1. The testes are____________________________________________ structures.

2. The testes are suspended by_________________________________________

3. The testes are contained within______________________________________

B. Descent of the Testes

1. In a male fetus, the testes originate from_______________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. Usually before birth, the testes descend to_____________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. The hormone stimulates the testes to descend.__________________________

4. The gubernaculums is___________________________________________ that

functions to________________________________________________________

5. The inguinal canal is_______________________________________________

6. During descent, each testis carries____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

7. Cryptorchidism is______________________________________________ and

leads to_________________________________________________ if untreated.


C. Structure of the Testes

1. The tunica albuginea is_____________________________________________

2. The mediastinum testis is___________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. The septa divide__________________________________________________

4. Seminiferous tubules are___________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. The rete testis is_______________________________________________ and

is located__________________________________________________________

6. The epididymis is formed from______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

7. The seminiferous tubules are lined with________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

8. Interstitial cells are located_______________________________________ and

produce___________________________________________________________

D. Formation of Sperm Cells

1. The lining of the seminiferous tubules consists of________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. The functions of the sustentacular cells are_____________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. Spermatogenic cells give rise to______________________________________

4. Spermatogonia are_____________________________________________ and

contain________________________________________________ chromosomes.

5. During embryonic development, spermatogonia_________________________

__________________________________________________________________

6. Primary spermatocytes are__________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

7. At puberty,____________________ secretion rises and primary spermatocytes

undergo___________________________________________________________

8. The two divisions of meiosis are_____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

9. Meiosis I separates________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

10. Before meiosis I, each homologous chromosome is____________________ so

it consists of_______________________________________________________

11. Chromatids are__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

12. Centromeres are_________________________________________________

13. Each cell that undergoes meiosis II emerges with_______________________

__________________________________________________________________

14. Haploid is______________________________________________________

15. After meiosis II, each chromatid becomes_____________________________

16. The events of prophase I are_______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

17. Synapsis is_____________________________________________________

18. Crossover is____________________________________________________

19. The events of metaphase I are______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

20. The events of anaphase I are_______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

21. The events of telophase I are_______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

22. Meiosis II is similar to____________________________________________

23. The events of prophase II are_______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

24. The events of metaphase II are_____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

25. The events of anaphase II are ________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

26. The events of telophase II are______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

27. Each cell undergoing meiosis has the potential to produce________________

28. In males, gametes mature into______________________________________

29. In females, three of the products are______________________________ and

one cell___________________________________________________________

30. During spermatogenesis, primary spermatocytes divide to become__________

__________________________________________________________________

31. Each secondary spermatocyte divides to form_________________________

32. Spermatids mature into___________________________________________

33. Each primary spermatocyte that undergoes meiosis produces______________

_______________________________ with______________ chromosomes each.

34. Fertilization is___________________________________________________

35. Spermatogonia are located near the base of____________________________

__________________________________________________________________

36. As spermatogenesis occurs, cell_____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

37. Occluding junctions are________________________________________ and

divide____________________________________________________________

38. The membranous complex of the occluding junctions helps maintain________

__________________________________________________________________

39. Spermatogenesis occurs____________________________________ , starting

at________________________________________________________________

40. The resulting sperm cells collect in___________________________ then pass

__________________________________________________________________

E. Structure of a Sperm Cell

1. A mature sperm cell consists of______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. The head of a sperm cell is composed of_______________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. An acrosome is________________________________________________ that

functions to________________________________________________________

4. The midpiece of a sperm is composed of_______________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. The tail of a sperm cell is______________________________________ which

provides___________________________________________________________

III. Male Internal Accessory Organs

A. Introduction

1. The male internal accessory organs include_____________________________

__________________________________________________________________

B. Epididymis

1. Each epididymis is_____________________________________________ and

is connected to_____________________________________________________

2. Epididymides are located___________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. The inner lining of the epididymis is composed of_______________________

_______________________ that secrete________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. When immature sperm cells reach the epididymis, they are_________________

C. Vas Deferens

1. Each vas deferens is____________________________________________ that

is lined with________________________________________________________

2. Each vas deferens is located________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. Each vas deferens ends____________________________________________

4. The ampulla of a vas deferens is_____________________________________

5. The ejaculatory duct is formed by____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

6. The ejaculatory duct passes through_______________________________ and

empties___________________________________________________________

D. Seminal Vesicle

1. A seminal vesicle is____________________________________________ that

is attached to_______________________________________________________

2. The secretions of the seminal vesicle are_______________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. The functions of the secretions of the seminal vesicle are__________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. As sperm move through the vas deferens into the ejaculatory duct the contents of the

_________________________________________________ejaculatory ducts.

E. Prostate Gland

1. The prostate gland is___________________________________________ that

surrounds__________________________________________________________

2. The prostate gland is composed of____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. The ducts of the prostate gland open into______________________________

4. The secretions of the prostate gland include____________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. The functions of the secretions of the prostate gland are__________________

__________________________________________________________________

F. Bulbourethral Glands

1. The bulbourethral glands are_____________________________________ that

are located_________________________________________________________

2. The bulbourethral glands are composed of_____________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. The bulbourethral glands secrete________________________________ which

functions to________________________________________________________

G. Semen

1. Semen is_____________________________________________________ and

consists of_________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. The average number of sperm cells in semen is__________________________

3. Sperm cells cannot fertilize an egg cell until____________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. Capacitation is___________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. Sperm cells live_________________________ in the female reproductive tract.

IV. Male External Reproductive Organs

A. Introduction

1. The male external reproductive organs are______________________________

2. The________________________________________ passes through the penis.

B. Scrotum

1. The scrotum consists of_________________________________________ and

is located__________________________________________________________

2. The function of the dartos muscle is__________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. The scrotum is divided into_________________________________________

4. Each chamber of the scrotum is lined with_______________________ , which

functions to________________________________________________________

C. Penis

1. The functions of the penis are_______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. Erection is____________________________________________________ and

enables____________________________________________________________

3. The body of the penis is composed of_________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. Corpora cavernosa is______________________________________________

5. Corpus spongiosum is______________________________________________

6. A tunica albuginea is______________________________________________

7. The glans penis is_________________________________________________

8. The external urethral orifice is_______________________________________

9. The prepuce is____________________________________________________

10. Circumcision is__________________________________________________

11. The crura of the penis is___________________________________________

12. The bulb of the penis is___________________________________________

D. Erection, Orgasm, and Ejaculation

1. An erection is produced by_________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. Orgasm is____________________________________________________ and

in the male is accompanied by__________________________________________

3. Emission is______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. Emission occurs in response to_______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. Ejaculation is____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

6. The sequence of events during emission and ejaculation are________________

__________________________________________________________________

7. The penis returns to a flaccid state due to______________________________

__________________________________________________________________

V. Hormonal control of Male Reproductive Functions

A. Introduction

1. Hormones secreted by_____________________________________________

_____________________________________ control male reproductive functions.

2. Hormones from these glands________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

B. Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones

1. The hypothalamus secretes_____________________________________ which

causes the anterior pituitary to release____________________________________

2. LH promotes____________________________________________________

3. FSH stimulates___________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. The presence of FSH and testosterone causes___________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. Inhibin is secreted by___________________________________________ and

functions to________________________________________________________

C. Male Sex Hormones

1. Androgens are________________________________________________ and

are produced by_____________________________________________________

2. The most important androgen is______________________________________

3. Dihydrotestosterone is__________________________________________ and

stimulates__________________________________________________________

4. Testosterone secretion begins____________________________________ then

ceases during_______________________________________________________

5. Puberty is_______________________________________________________

6. After puberty, testosterone secretion__________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

D. Actions of Testosterone

1. During embryonic development testosterone stimulates___________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. During puberty testosterone stimulates________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. Secondary sex characteristics include_________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. Testosterone increases the rate of_____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. Testosterone stimulates sexual activity by______________________________

__________________________________________________________________

E. Regulation of Male Sex Hormones

1. The extent to which male secondary sex characteristics develop is___________

__________________________________________________________________

2. The______________________________ regulates testosterone output through

__________________________________________________________________

3. As the concentration of testosterone in the blood increases, the hypothalamus_

________________________________, decreasing_______________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. As ICSH (LH) secretion falls, the amount of testosterone_________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. When the blood concentration of testosterone drops, the hypothalamus______

__________________________________________________________________

6. Male climacteric is________________________________________________

VII. Organs of the Female Reproductive System

A. The functions of the organs of the female reproductive are______________________

________________________________________________________________________

B. The primary sex organs of the female reproductive system are____________________

________________________________________________________________________

C. The accessory organs of the female reproductive system are_____________________

________________________________________________________________________

VIII. Ovaries

A. Introduction

1. Ovaries are______________________________________________________

2. Ovaries are located________________________________________________

B. Ovary Attachments

1. Ligaments help hold_______________________________________________

2. The broad ligament is______________________________________________

3. The suspensory ligament is__________________________________________

4. The ovarian ligament is_____________________________________________

C. Ovary Descent

1. The ovaries of the female originate from_______________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. During development, ovaries descend to_______________________________

__________________________________________________________________

D. Ovary Structure

1. The medulla of an ovary is__________________________________________

2. The cortex of an ovary is___________________________________________

3. The ovarian medulla is composed of__________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. The ovarian cortex consists of_______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. The germinal epithelium of an ovary is________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

6. The tunica albuginea is_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

E. Primordial Follicle

1. Primordial follicles form during______________________________________

2. A primordial follicle consists of______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. Early in development, the primary oocytes begin to undergo___________ , but

the process halts until________________________________________________

4. Of the million or so primordial follicles present at birth, only about__________

are left by the time of puberty.

F. Oogenesis

1. At puberty, some primary oocytes are stimulated to continue_______________

2. Oogenesis is_____________________________________________________

3. The division of a primary oocyte results in_____________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. A large secondary oocyte represents__________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. If the secondary oocyte becomes fertilized, it will divide into______________

__________________________________________________________________

6. A zygote develops into____________________________________________

7. The formation of polar bodies function to______________________________

__________________________________________________________________

G. Follicle Maturation

1. At puberty, the_____________________________________________ secretes

increased amounts of FSH, and the ovaries_______________________________

2. When primordial follicles mature,____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. Granulosa cells are________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. The zona pellucida is______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. A primary follicle consists of________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

6. The inner vascular layer is composed of________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

7. The outer fibrous layer consists of____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

8. An antrum is_____________________________________________________

9. A secondary follicle consists of______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

10. A mature follicle consists of________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

11. As many as_____________________ primary follicles may begin to mature at

the same time.

12. The dominant follicle is___________________________________________

H. Ovulation

1. Ovulation releases________________________________________________

2. Ovulation is triggered by___________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. After ovulation, the secondary oocyte and some follicular cells are propelled__

__________________________________________________________________

4. If the secondary oocyte is not fertilized, it will__________________________

IX. Female Internal Accessory Organs

A. Introduction

1. The internal accessory organs of the female reproductive system are_________

__________________________________________________________________

B. Uterine Tubes

1. Uterine tubes are suspended by______________________________________

2. Uterine tubes are located___________________________________________

3. The infundibulum of a uterine tube is_________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. Fimbriae are_____________________________________________________

5. The walls of uterine tubes are composed of_____________________________

__________________________________________________________________

6. The cilia of the uterine tubes function to_______________________________

__________________________________________________________________

7. The egg moves down a uterine tube due to_____________________________

__________________________________________________________________

C. Uterus

1. The functions of the uterus are_______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. The broad ligament is______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. The round ligament is______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. The uterus is located_______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. In the nonpregnant state, the size of the uterus is________________________

__________________________________________________________________

6. The body of the uterus is___________________________________________

7. The fundus of the uterus is__________________________________________

8. The cervix is_____________________________________________________

9. The three layers of the wall of the uterus are____________________________

__________________________________________________________________

10. The endometrium is______________________________________________

11. The myometrium is_______________________________________________

12. The perimetrium is_______________________________________________

D. Vagina

1. The vagina is located______________________________________________

2. The functions of the vagina are______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. Fornices of the vagina are__________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. The hymen of the vagina is_________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. The three layers of the vaginal wall are________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

6. The mucosal layer is_______________________________________________

7. The muscular layer is______________________________________________

8. The fibrous layer is________________________________________________

X. Female External Reproductive Organs

A. Introduction

1. The external accessory organs of the female reproductive system are_________

__________________________________________________________________

2. The vulva is_____________________________________________________

B. Labia Majora

1. The labia major encloses____________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. The labia major are composed of_____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. The skin of the labia major contain___________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. The pudendal cleft is___________________________________________ and

includes___________________________________________________________

5. The mons pubis is_________________________________________________

C. Labia Minora

1. Labia minora are__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. Labia minora are composed of_______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

D. Clitoris

1. The clitoris is_________________________________________________ and

is located__________________________________________________________

2. The clitoris is composed of__________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. The crura of the clitoris is___________________________________________

4. The glans of the clitoris is___________________________________________

E. Vestibule

1. The vestibule contains_____________________________________________

2. Vestibular glands are located_____________________________________ and

function to_________________________________________________________

3. Vestibular bulbs are_______________________________________________

F. Erection, Lubrication, and Orgasm

1. Erection of the clitoris occurs due to__________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. The_______________________________ nervous system stimulates vestibular

glands to__________________________________________________________

3. Orgasm is_______________________________________________________

XI. Hormonal Control of Female Reproductive Functions

A. Introduction

1. The glands that regulate the functions of the female reproductive system are__

__________________________________________________________________

B. Female Sex Hormones

1. In a female, the hypothalamus begins to secrete____________ around puberty,

which in turn causes_________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. FSH and LH function to___________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________ secrete estrogens

and progesterone.

4. Estrogens stimulate_______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. Female secondary sex characteristics are_______________________________

__________________________________________________________________

6. The actions of progesterone are______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

7. The functions of androgens in the female are___________________________

__________________________________________________________________

C. Female Reproductive Cycle

1. The anterior pituitary gland secretes__________________________________

2. FSH stimulates___________________________________________________

3. Estrogens and some progesterone are secreted by________________________

4. Estrogens function to______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. The anterior pituitary releases a surge of_______________________________

6. An LH surge stimulates____________________________________________

7. The corpus luteum develops from_________________________________ and

produces__________________________________________________________

8. Estrogens continue to stimulate______________________________________

9. Progesterone stimulates____________________________________________

10. Estrogens and progesterone inhibit__________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

11. If the secondary oocyte is not fertilized, the corpus luteum____________ and

no longer secretes___________________________________________________

12. As estrogens and progesterone levels decline,_____________________ in the

endometrium constrict.

13. The endometrium _______________________________________________ ,

producing a menstrual flow.

14. The reproductive cycle then________________________________________

D. Menopause

1. Menopause is____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. Menopause is caused by____________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. Changes that result from a decrease of estrogens and progesterone are_______

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

XII. Mammary Glands

A. Location of the Glands

1. The mammary glands are located_____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. Breasts are______________________________________________________

3. The breasts overlie ________________________ and extend______________

__________________________________________________________________

4. A nipple is______________________________________________________

5. The areola is_____________________________________________________

B. Structure of the Glands

1. A mammary gland is composed of____________________________________

2. Each lobule of a mammary gland contains______________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. Suspensory ligaments are___________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

C. Development of the Breasts

1. _________________________ stimulate development of breasts in the female.

2. As a result of ovarian hormones,_____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

XIII. Birth Control

A. Introduction

1. Birth control is___________________________________________________

2. Contraception is designed to_________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

B. Coitus Interruptus

1. Coitus interruptus is_______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________


2. Coitus interruptus may result in pregnancy because______________________

__________________________________________________________________

C. Rhythm Method

1. The rhythm method requires________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. The rhythm method results in a relatively high rate of pregnancies because____

__________________________________________________________________

D. Mechanical Barriers

1. Mechanical barriers prevent_________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. Examples of mechanical barriers are__________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. A male condom is_________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. A female condom is_______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. A diaphragm is___________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

6. A cervical cap is__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

E. Chemical Barriers

1. Chemical barrier contraceptives include________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. Chemical barrier contraceptives are easy to use but_______________________

3. Chemical barrier contraceptives are more effective when__________________

__________________________________________________________________

F. Combined Hormone Contraceptives

1. Combined hormone contraceptives deliver_______________________________

_________________________________________________________________

2. An oral contraceptive contains_______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. When a woman takes the pill daily, the drugs___________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. Side effect of oral contraceptives include______________________________

__________________________________________________________________

G. Injectable Contraception

1. An example of an injectable contraceptive is____________________________

2. The actions of Depo-Provera are_____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. One injection of Depo-Provera lasts__________________________________

H. Intrauterine Devices

1. An intrauterine device is___________________________________________

2. An IUD interferes with____________________________________________

I. Surgical Methods

1. A vasectomy is___________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2. A tubal ligation is_________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

XIV. Sexually Transmitted Diseases

A. Sexually transmitted diseases are often called “silent” because___________________

________________________________________________________________________

B. Signs and symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases are_______________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

C. Pelvic inflammatory disease is_____________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

D. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome is___________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

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